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Financing a Business Acquisition

An overview of how businesses approach financing an acquisition or expansion.

Acquiring another business, or opening a new location, is a major step, and financing it involves a more thorough look than everyday capital needs.

What underwriting weighs

Acquisition financing typically involves a clear view of the target's cash flow and how the combined operation is expected to perform. The story behind the numbers matters.

Longer horizons

Because acquisitions are significant, longer-term structures are common. That generally means more documentation and a longer process than short-term financing.

Preparing well

Having financials for both businesses organized, and a clear plan for the combined operation, tends to make the process smoother. An underwriter can outline what applies to your situation.

The deal stack

Sources must equal usesBuyer contribution + Seller note + Financing = Purchase price + Closing costs + Working capital

Add-backs and true cash flow

Adjusted cash flowReported net income + Owner compensation adjustments + One-time expenses + Non-cash items

Underwriting sizes the transaction from adjusted cash flow, not headline revenue. Add-backs must be documented, not asserted.

ElementWhy it matters
Buyer contributionSignals commitment and reduces financed amount
Seller noteAligns the seller with a successful transition
Target cash flowDetermines whether debt service is supportable
Working capital at closeThe business must operate from day one
Transition planContinuity of customers, staff, and operations
Prepare
  • LOI or purchase agreement
  • Target financials, ideally three years
  • Documented add-backs
  • Proof of buyer contribution
  • Transition and management plan

Related financing

Acquisition & ExpansionSBA & Long-Term FinancingCommercial Real Estate
Educational content. This guide is general information, not financing, legal, tax, or accounting advice, and is not an offer or a commitment to provide financing. Availability, amounts, terms, and structures vary by applicant and program and are subject to underwriting and approval.

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